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Diabetes is primarily related to issues with insulin, the hormone that regulates our blood sugar levels. There are several types of diabetes, each with distinct causes and implications.
1. Type 1 Diabetes
Cause: This type results from the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Triggers: Genetic predisposition and possible environmental factors, like certain viral infections, may play a role.
Effect: Without sufficient insulin, blood sugar levels can rise significantly, leading to hyperglycemia.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
Cause: Here, the body either becomes resistant to insulin or the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels stable.
Risk Factors:
– Genetics and family history
– Being overweight and physically inactive
– A poor diet high in processed foods and sugars
– Age (risk increases after 45)
Effect: Over time, this can lead to the pancreas becoming less efficient, resulting in consistently high blood glucose levels.
3. Gestational Diabetes
Cause: This type occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that can make cells more resistant to insulin.
Risk Factors:
– Being overweight before pregnancy
– A family history of diabetes
– Advanced maternal age
Effect: Although gestational diabetes typically resolves after pregnancy, it can increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
4. Other Specific Causes
Genetic Mutations: Rare forms of diabetes, like monogenic diabetes (MODY), are caused by specific genetic mutations.
Hormonal Disorders: Conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can disrupt insulin and glucose regulation.
Medications: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can also lead to elevated blood sugar levels as a side effect.
Common Complications of Diabetes
If diabetes is not well managed, it can lead to serious health issues, including:
– Heart disease and stroke
– Kidney damage
– Nerve damage (neuropathy)
– Vision problems (retinopathy)
– Slow wound healing
Understanding the various types of diabetes and their causes is crucial for effective management and reducing the risk of complications. Taking proactive steps toward a healthier lifestyle can make a significant difference in controlling diabetes.
Reference : Webmd, Healthline.
